The Ninth Circuit has held that California’s robbery statute does not match the definition of a crime of violence. Because a person can commit California robbery “by accidentally using force,” it does not match the definition of a crime of violence in 18 USC 16(a), which requires the use of intentional force.
The full text of US v. Garcia Lopez can be found here:
http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2018/09/07/15-50366.pdf