The Ninth Circuit has remanded a case involving the proposed social group of imputed gang members. The court noted that its prior concerns that Congress would not have wanted to reward gang members for their behavior by recognizing them as a social group for asylum purposes do not apply when the membership is imputed only (i.e., based on an erroneous belief the persecutors that the applicant is a gang member).
The full text of Vasquez-Rodriguez v. Garland can be found here:
https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2021/08/05/19-71445.pdf